The word holography comes from the Greek words ὅλος ( holos "whole") and γραφή ( graphē " writing" or " drawing").Ī hologram is a recording of an interference pattern which can reproduce a 3D light field using diffraction. The technique as originally invented is still used in electron microscopy, where it is known as electron holography, but optical holography did not really advance until the development of the laser in 1960. This discovery was an unexpected result of research into improving electron microscopes at the British Thomson-Houston Company (BTH) in Rugby, England, and the company filed a patent in December 1947 (patent GB685286). His work, done in the late 1940s, was built on pioneering work in the field of X-ray microscopy by other scientists including Mieczysław Wolfke in 1920 and William Lawrence Bragg in 1939. The Hungarian- British physicist Dennis Gabor (in Hungarian: Gábor Dénes) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971 "for his invention and development of the holographic method". The resulting digital image is then printed onto a suitable mask or film and illuminated by a suitable source to reconstruct the wavefront of interest. Holograms can also be computer-generated by modelling the two wavefronts and adding them together digitally. When only the second wavefront illuminates the interference pattern, it is diffracted to recreate the original wavefront.
In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any type of wave.Ī hologram is made by superimposing a second wavefront (normally called the reference beam) on the wavefront of interest, thereby generating an interference pattern which is recorded on a physical medium. Holography is best known as a method of generating real three-dimensional images, but it also has a wide range of other applications.
Holography is a technique that enables a wavefront to be recorded and later re-constructed. Two photographs of a single hologram taken from different viewpoints
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